The ancient writers mention two cities on the island of Salamis, the Ancient and the Homeric Salamis. The latter was located on the southern side of the island and was "southward tetrammenen to Aegina" as Pausanias mentions. The ancient city was in the peninsular region that is now called Kynosoura and on the immediately smaller peninsula where today Kamatero and part of Ampelaki are located. The main town was located on the side of Ampelaki and had ruins of enclosure, walls and ancient buildings which are related to the "market ruins", the "Aiandeion", the " Aiantos Mosque", the "Heron of Asclepius", the "Altar of the Twelve Gods", the statue of Solon and the Republic, the Stoa the Platform, the Gymnasium, the Sanctuaries of Hermos and Dionysus, where the historical "Hermaiai and Dionysus Festivals" were performed. Also, there were the trophy of Artemis and Zeus, the Fates, a theater and a strong port with shipbuilding facilities which is very visible to this day. All these buildings are described in his book "Attica" by the great ancient geographer Pausanias. This ancient city is considered to have been settled after the annexation of the island to the State of Athens, or that since then some settlement that probably existed there, developed into a city, in the city that in the 4th century BC. it is remembered as Kolouris and is identified with the city of Salamina of historical times. Late Helladic finds are found at the "Kaminia" site, in the arm of the Ampelaki bay opposite Pounta, at the base of the Kynosoura cape, which are related to a settlement stranded in Selenia. After the conquest of the island by the installation of the Athenian Municipality and the Athenian Administration, the bay of Ampelaki with its small valley and the connection with the port of Piraeus made it possible to settle there the emerging urban center of the whole island and to form the famous city of the Golden Age of Pericles (5th BC) and this bay to become a port of communication, a commercial station and exchange of goods. The findings of the excavation carried out in 1918 by Antonios Keramopoulos are confirmation of the city's prosperity. Part of the city wall with five gates, votive pedestals, fragments of votive vessels, etc. were discovered. In the middle of the 4th century BC about Athens acquired the right to have its own currency. This means that the island's economy, although based on agricultural products, developed into a mercantile one and should not be strictly controlled by the Athenian Economic Administration. But from 318 BC and then, when the inhabitants of the Island led by Aeschitades defected from the supremacy of Athens and joined Cassander, a period of adventures followed. Before the year 307 BC the Athenians, with the help of Demetrius the Besieger, took Salamis and took cruel revenge on the locals by expelling them and installing Athenian clergy there. Aeschitadis was sentenced to death. Salamis regained its independence when it was now under the protection of the Macedonians. This period of independence lasted 60 years and was again granted to the Athenians (period of the Achaean Commonwealth). But Aratos allowed his troops to plunder the island without any qualms. The Salamis of Hellenistic times is now presented as an autonomous municipality, with the right to mint coins until the Roman imperial times, but in fact it was under the direct dependence of Athens. The Athenians considered the Ancient city an important trading post and this is shown by the insistence they showed in maintaining the rights to the annuities of the Island. But more evident is the dependence of Salamis on Athens and the Salaminians, but which also included the participation of armed Athenian teenagers in the interior of the island. The formality of the celebration included before sailing to the temple of Aiados, stretched with two two-masted ships to the way established by Themistocles at the edge of Kynosura. There they offered a sacrifice to the Zeus trophy and then headed to the port of Ancient Salamina where a competition of ships took place. There they disembarked, held a procession and a sacrifice in honor of the great Gods and finally the armed teenagers visited the countryside of the island. The beginning of the Aianteion festival probably took place after the times of the Naval Battle of Salamis. Related to this celebration is the 4th BC stele. century that was found in Mulki, transferred there in modern times, with the inscription unfortunately worn but with a relief representation of Aedas and the nymph Salamis. Aiantas is depicted crowning a man, probably a teenage deacon. Inscriptions inform us that the walls of Salamis were repaired between the years 307 BC. and 304 BC Also around 130 BC one of the walls of the Lodge was built, the sanctuaries were repaired and various places in the city were decorated. Remains of a Macedonian Vaulted Tomb can be seen east of Panagia of Ampelaki on the right of the road. There they observed a grave full of charred human bones. This accumulation of charred human bones testifies to the burial of remains, after a war or an epidemic and certainly reveals a painful adventure for the inhabitants of Salamis during the Hellenistic period. In the first Christian times, Pausanias comes to visit the Ancient city of Salamis, to satisfy his curiosity and to record everything for us. these are the ruins which constituted the heyday of the city in historical times. Pausanias found the city in ruins. The relegation of Athens as a political and economic center contributed to this, with the result that Athens cannot maintain its regulatory influence on the production of primary agricultural goods in its surrounding municipalities. Under these conditions the inhabitants of the Ancient City of Salamis were forced to move to the interior of the Island. So many of them settled on the side unseen from the sea for security reasons of the prophet Elias in the current city of Salamina and took with them the toponym Kolouris which today has evolved into Koulouri. They also inhabited the fertile valley of Mulki and Kaki Vigla. The problematic ruin of Fragoklissia (Agias Triados 65 in Ampelaki) is a relic probably from Roman times, with a stone column standing in the courtyard of a modern residence and two Ionic capitals in its place, whose fate is unknown. From everything we have mentioned, it is understood that the ancient city of Salamis was one of the most important economic and commercial stations of antiquity and played a role in the wider region. Excavations regularly carried out by the 2nd Ephorate of Antiquities under the supervision of the Ephorate of Antiquities Ms. Ifigenias Dekoulakos bring important antiquities to light. One of the last finds is a mosaic of Druids, as well as remains of houses that are preserved in very good condition, with inner courtyards, wells and bathing facilities. The tombs are mostly pit-shaped and box-shaped and rarely tiled. So, we find that the findings will be inexhaustible and will give the proper position of promotion of Ancient Salamis. This point of interest is plain and rural. Suitable Visiting Season: All year round. It is accessible by public transport. There is no cost or ticket. Visitable hours: Open. Source of photographic material: https://www.salamina.gr/%CE%BF-%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83/%CE%B4%CE%B7% CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82-%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF %84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82/%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE% AF%CF%89%CE%BD/%CE%B7-%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%B1% CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82-%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE %BD%CE%B1%CF%82/